Sumber Pembelajaran

Sumber Pembelajaran SD kelas 6 ( Public Places)

READING SKILL

Reading is about understanding written texts. It is a complex activity that involves both perception and thought. Reading consists of two related processes: word recognition and comprehension. Word recognition refers to the process of perceiving how written symbols correspond to one’s spoken language. Comprehension is the process of making sense of words, sentences and connected text. Readers typically make use of background knowledge, vocabulary, grammatical knowledge, experience with text and other strategies to help them understand written text.

How can you help your students improve their reading?

Reading skills can often be challenging to teach. Some students are natural readers; others need extra help and guidance to improve their reading level. Spending extra time with students one-on-one or in small groups will help you understand their specific needs and personal learning styles. Though your student must be self-motivated and willing to learn, you can do much in your role as teacher to encourage him and help speed the process of improving his reading.

1. Choose reading material in a subject that interests your student. If he is genuinely curious about the content of what he is reading, he will be more enthusiastic about the process and learn more. Find out something about your student’s personality and main interests.
2. Make sure the reading level is not too high or too low for your student. If there are too many new and unfamiliar words, she won’t understand enough of the passage to comprehend the main points or answer the questions.
3. Provide your student with a task. Give your student a few questions before reading the passage so he is aware of what to look for when reading.
4. Explain new vocabulary. You should introduce about five to seven new words per reading passage.

There are the different ways of reading ( Skimming, Scanning, Intensive reading & Extensive reading)

The different ways of reading likes Skimming, Scanning, Intensive Reading and Extensive Reading, there are different styles of reading for different situations. The technique you choose will depend on the purpose for reading. For example, you might be reading for enjoyment, information, or to complete a task. Many people consider skimming and scanning search techniques rather than reading strategies. However when reading large volumes of information, they may be more practical than reading. For example, you might be searching for specific information, looking for clues, or reviewing information.

a. Skimming

Skimming is used to quickly gather the most important information, or ‘gist’. Run your eyes over the text, noting important information. Use skimming to quickly get up to speed on a current business situation. It’s not essential to understand each word when skimming. Examples of Skimming:

• The Newspaper (quickly to get the general news of the day)

• Magazines (quickly to discover which articles you would like to read in more detail)

• Business and Travel Brochures (quickly to get informed)

b. Scanning

Scanning is used to find a particular piece of information. Run your eyes over the text looking for the specific piece of information you need. Use scanning on schedules, meeting plans, etc. in order to find the specific details you require. If you see words or phrases that you don’t understand, don’t worry when scanning.

Examples of Scanning

• The “What’s on TV” section of your newspaper.

• A train / airplane schedule

• A conference guide

c. Intensive reading

Intensive reading is used on shorter texts in order to extract specific information. It includes very close accurate reading for detail. Use intensive reading skills to grasp the details of a specific situation. In this case, it is important that you understand each word, number or fact.

Examples of Intensive Reading

• A bookkeeping report

• An insurance claim

• A contract

d. Extensive reading

Extensive reading is used to obtain a general understanding of a subject and includes reading longer texts for pleasure, as well as business books. Use extensive reading skills to improve your general knowledge of business procedures. Do not worry if you understand each word.

Examples of Extensive Reading

• The latest marketing strategy book

• A novel you read before going to bed

• Magazine articles that interest you

How can you help students to understand a reading text?

Having more prior knowledge generally aids comprehension. There are many aspect to prior knowledge, including knowledge of the world, cultural knowledge, subject-matter knowledge and linguistic knowledge. A reader’s interest in a subject matter will also influence the level of prior knowledge. All of these factors are important to different degrees, depending on the reading task.

A reader’s knowledge of the world depend on lived experience. This is different in different countries, regions and cutters. Reading task and reading instruction should be sensitive to the types of prior knowledge that are needed for the reader to understand a text.

1. When choosing books, it is important to consider the students’ interests, as well the subject matter of the text.
2. In the classroom, teachers can focus on words and concepts that may be unfamiliar. This is especially important for nonnative speakers.
3. Discussing new words and concepts with students before reading a text is generally helpful. It help to active prior knowledge and improve comprehension.
4. Asking students to tell everything they know about a topic is a useful way to begin to get students to activate their prior knowledge. They should then begin to think about what they don’t know. After reading, they should summarize what they have learned about the topic.

It is useful for the students to read aloud

Reading aloud helps students learn to read smoothly, building skills of fluency, continuity and confidence. Encouraging young students to read aloud will help them comprehend what they are reading. Many students, however, especially beginning readers, hesitate to read aloud out of fear of embarrassment. To help your students read aloud, follow these steps.

1. Invite the class to respond to what the first reader read aloud by sharing reactions or asking questions. This allows everyone to get involved, and helps students see reading as a process. It will also help you gauge students’ comprehension and retention of what they have read.
2. Repeat Steps 2 and 3 until you have covered the assigned reading. Provide help as needed with pronunciation and pacing, and be sure to compliment students’ efforts.
3. Give every student the chance to read aloud over the course of the school week. You may use incentives, such as stickers or other rewards, as well as praise to motivate reluctant readers. Gradually taper off the incentives as all students gain confidence and volunteer to read aloud.